Nursing Colostomy Checkups And Maintenance - 3300 Words

Nursing Colostomy Checkups And Maintenance (Essay Sample) Content: NAMEINSTRUCTORDATEINSTITUTIONTASK1a)Identify the factors that you would need to consider prior to and during an assessmentPrior to assessment of the above-named patient, identification of the intermediate needs should be done first, some of the factors to be considered here are: any possibility of infection risks, manual handling risks to the patient due to his permanent colostomy and the contact details of his son. During the assessment process, the health status, cognitive ability, the tools that are to be used for assessment should be assessed first like pain assessment tool to provide accurate results after assessment. (Ainsworth 2013 pg. 327)1b)Using the information from the case study, identify and define three (3) physical or psychologically factors that will need to be implemented into Mr. Botts care planConsidering Mr. botts conditions during admission and assessment the following factors should be put into consideration when implementing his care plan:Colost omy checkups and maintenance * the pouching system should be checked regularly and changed at the appropriate time * provision of a well-balanced diet to maintain the colostomy state should be providedfor physical care the following factors should be considered:provision of full range motion to maintain joint mobility to prevent venous stasispositioning- the patient should be positioned in a good manner to prevent contractures and prevent compressive neuropathiesmanagement of sensory difficultiesfrequent assessment of the skin with emphasis on the bony areas and other depended body parts to check for signs of breakdownestablishment of an exercise program to help him recover to his normal conditionpreparations for ambulation- as soon as the patient starts to get well, an active rehabilitation to help him maintain balance while suiting and standing should be done. (Sardina 2013 pg. 105)1(c)The pulse rate for this patient is beyond the range of a normal person, the correct pulse range lies between 60 to 100Respiration-the normal range should be 12 to 16Blood pressure, the normal range should be between 120 over 80 (120/80) to 140 over 90 (140/90).(Sellier, 2013 pg. 153)2. I will use the following data to perform neurological observations * eye opening * appropriateness of vocalization * motor activity * Level of consciousness.The level of consciousness that may deteriorate if there is a problem in relation to the brain in case of injuries to the brain, space occupying lesion such as brain tumor, increased intracranial pressure which can be determined by checking at the amount of brain tissue, blood and cerebrospinal fluid within the skull cavity. * Pupillary reaction.Note if the pupil sizes are equal. A pen torch with a bright narrow beam is recommended. Similarly observe the pupils reaction to the beam light. A change in pupil size and subsequent reaction to light indicates increase of the intracranial pressure. * Vital signs.-Respirations - Note down the rate, depth and pattern of breathing as the brain controls breathing. Any problem with the brain can affect respiration activity-Temperature. The temperature should be taken into account since the hypothalamus regulates the body temperature. Therefore, any minor problem with the hypothalamus will result to abnormal temperatures.-Blood pressure and pulse. A raise in the intracranial pressure will result to increased blood pressure, and a fall in the respiratory rate and the bradycardia * Motor function.Assessment of the lower limps can depict the functioning of the spinal. Involuntary movement of the patients limp may be a result of cerebral dysfunction.(Sellier, 2013 pg. 79)3. considering Mr. botts age, his care plan should be planned in such way that he should be treated with respect, and addressed properlyMr. Botts beliefs are important and should be taken into consideration in his plan care. The nurses should be aware on how his spiritual beliefs play a part in health-related decision- making. For example, do they have deep religious convictions, or do they view their religion primarily and try to incorporate them into the care planMr. Botts cultural practices should be considered when planning for his care plan in that, the nurses should consider on how the cultural beliefs can affect his healing process and adjust it to suit his cultural beliefsThe care plan should also cover on Mr. Bott practices and how they might affect medical treatment, rehabilitation and their overall health and wellbeing.How diagnosis may affect their spiritual worldview.What their needs and wishes are while in hospital, including if they would actively like to see a chaplain.An environment that is respectful to his beliefs and culture should be created4. steps involved in changing colostomy bag * Washing of hands and cleaning of procedure gloves * Folding of the linens to expose the ostomy site, a clean towel is placed across the abdomen of the patient under the pouch that exists * The p atient is positioned in such a way that skin folds doesnt occur along the line of the stoma * The pouch is opened-if openable by removing the clamp and unrolling it at the bottom. * If the pouch is drainable, the existing ostomy pouch is drained into a bedpan * Using one hand, the old fastener is removed from the skin gently starting from the top to downward direction. The other hand is used to hold tension on the skin in the opposite direction of the pull. In case of any resistance when removing the fastener, adhesive remover is used * The stoma and peristomal skin is inspected. The stoma and skin are cleaned using mild soap and the area is allowed to dry. * The size of the stoma is measured using appropriate method and a clean gauze pad is placed over the stoma * After removing the glove and washing hands, the size of the opening is traced on a paper that is at the back of the new fastener * The traced paper is peeled off from the fastener. For those ostomy fasteners that come wit h an outer ring of tape attached, the backing should not be removed until the fastener is positioned securely. Ostomy skin care products are applied at this stage * The gauze is removed followed by centering of the fastener opening around the stoma. For a open-ended pouch, the end is folded over the clamp until it clicks to ensure it is secured * Some warmth is applied to the new fastener to warm the adhesive ring-this makes it to stick better * The patient is returned to a comfortable position as the used ostomy pouch is disposedProperly(Sardina 2013 pg. 102)5a) Outline 3 risk factors associated with immobility, providing a brief explanation of each one chosen.The risk factors of include;Urinary systemThe stroke patient is prone to developing a urinary tract infection, urinary tract infections, renal calculi, and even urinary stasis because of many potential factors including a preexistent atonic bladder, the change in urogenital flora with hospitalization, possible comorbid condit ions, such as malnutrition and prostate enlargement, poor perineal hygiene, and most importantly, the common use of a Foley catheter. Postvoid residual urine is often increased because of incomplete relaxation of perineal muscles during supine voiding. Also, gravitational forces and intra-abdominal pressure have a lessened effect on supine voiding.The best preventive strategies include; * Hydration * Early mobilization * Investigate for secondary causes of retention * Prompted voiding * Intermittent catheterization, as necessary * Avoid Foley catheter drainage, if possibleCirculatory systemThe circulatory system is affected by immobility. The risks associated with may include venous dilation, decreased blood pressure, edema, thrombophlebitis and even orthostatic hypotension. The risks can be minimized by executing leg exercises, use of sequential compression devices and initiation of falls risk prevention measures. The preventive strategies are * Early mobilization * Elastic stockin gs * Slow deviation from supine to sit to stand * Daily "leg dangling" * Adequate fluid intakeFor Cardiovascular, Orthostatic hypotension, preventive strategies should be; * Early mobilization * Elastic stockings * Subcutaneous heparin * Range-of-motion joint exerciseMetabolic and Endocrine Effects such as OsteoporosisAlthough usually not recognized as clinically important, there are major metabolic and endocrine changes with bed rest and immobility. These changes occur slowly and insidiously and require a prolonged recovery period for reversal. The risks of decreased rate of metabolism can result to unintended weight gain, negative calcium secondary to the loss of calcium from the bones during immobilization and anorexia are a result of immobility and the best preventive strategies should be(Ainsworth 2013 pg. 58)5 b) assessment tool before Mr. Bott is movedPeristomal skin. The skin around the stoma should be intact without being eroded, rashes and lacerationsAppearance of the stom a, if the stoma is shiny or bloody, superficial bleeding during routine cleaning is normal while one that does not stop may be a sign of stoma complication that might be as a result of inadequate hemostasis during stoma changing or construction processThe shape of the stoma. the shape of a normal stoma should be oval, round or irregular and it can vary with peristaltic movements of the intestinesThe size of the stoma and protrusion.(Sardina; 2013 pg. 45)5c) Mr. Bott has agreed to sit in his chair for lunch. Identify six (6) factors that the nurse will need to consider before assisting...

The Differences Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease

When a lot of people think about dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, they usually use the two interchangeably and think they have to do with memory. It is true that they have to do with memory, but there are major differences between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Misconceptions and lack of knowledge can lead to death or injury, which is why initiatives like Healthy People 2020 are so important. Dementias and Alzheimer’s affect a person’s daily life in many ways and it can be dangerous or deadly if not diagnosed and dealt with properly. It is important that there is an increase in people and their caregivers who are aware of the diagnosis and a decrease in preventable hospitalizations. Before explaining why this initiative is so important, it is necessary to explain the differences between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is actually not a disease. It’s a bunch of symptoms and is seen more as an umbrella term ( ). It is generally us ed to describe the loss or decline of cognitive functioning to the point where it affects the person’s daily life. Dementia occurs in people who have diseases such as â€Å" â€Å" ( ). It is generally seen as an elder problem that develops as someone ages, but this is not necessarily true. Most people who have dementia or Alzheimer’s are 65 or older, but there is a type of dementia that affects younger people. This type is called Early-Onset Dementia (EOD) that affects people under 65 years, while 65 years and older would be Late-Onset DementiaShow MoreRelatedThe Difference Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease1523 Words   |  7 Pagesexplaining the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer s disease. Dementia is not a disease, it is a term used to describe Neurological conditions that involves some form of serious mental disorder such as memory loss, confusion, and impaired judgment. 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Since the disease s discovery, scientists, psychiatrist, and many other medical professionals have worked diligently to learn more about the disease s effects and potential treatments to hinder its rapid progression. Alzheimer s disease isRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Common Neurodegenerative Disease1110 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease. It is the most common form of dementia which is a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life (Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia). Dementia and Alzheimer’s have been around for centuries, but Alzheimer’s disease wasn’t first described until 1906 by Dr. Aloysius Alzheimer. In the past, there was a stigma for elderly people with the disease. People with dementia and Alzheimer’s were

Globalization And Its Impact On Globalization - 2171 Words

There has been a lot of debates around the subject of globalization. It has been delineated as an instrument for modernisation as well as a mortal risk and threat. In addition, the term globalisation has a wide range of definitions while the most pertinent definition from the World Health Organisation (ref) express that â€Å"Globalization, to the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of people and countries, is generally understood to include two interrelated elements: the opening of borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas across international borders; and the changes in institutional and policy regimes at the international and national levels that facilitate or promote such flows.† According to a few authors, globalization has been accompanied by an expanding rate in inequality as far as income distribution, and this has happened both in developed and the developing countries. Be that as it may, globalisation is said to be the reason for economic crises, destruction of the earth, furthermore the immense rise in global inequality. Supporters of the anti-globalization organization contend that â€Å"globalization has dramatically increased inequality between and within nations† (Mazur [2000]), and specifically that is has minimised the poor in developing nations. Meanwhile, more direct mainstream politicians contend that the poor must put resources into training to take advantage of globalisation (Clinton [2000]). Under a basicShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Impact On Globalization2301 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION Globalization refers to an integration of national and regional economies, societies and cultures through the global network of trade, communication, immigration and transportation. The concept of globalization has been in operation for centuries and remains extremely fast-growing. 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Fossil Record free essay sample

Fossils (from Latin fossus, literally having been dug up) are the preserved remains or traces of animals (also known as zoolites), plants, and other organisms from the remote past. The totality of fossils, both discovered and undiscovered, and their placement in fossiliferous (fossil-containing) rock formations and sedimentary layers (strata) is known as the fossil record. The study of fossils across geological time, how they were formed, and the evolutionary relationships between taxa (phylogeny) are some of the most important functions of the science of paleontology.Such a preserved specimen is called a fossil if it is older than some minimum age, most often the arbitrary date of 10,000 years ago. [1] Hence, fossils range in age from the youngest at the start of the Holocene Epoch to the oldest from the Archean Eon several billion years old. The observations that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led early geologists to recognize a geological timescale in the 19th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Fossil Record or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed geologists to determine the numerical or absolute age of the various strata and thereby the included fossils.Like extant organisms, fossils vary in size from microscopic, such as single bacterial cells[2] only one micrometer in diameter, to gigantic, such as dinosaurs and trees many meters long and weighing many tons. A fossil normally preserves only a portion of the deceased organism, usually that portion that was partially mineralized during life, such as the bones and teeth of vertebrates, or the chitinous or calcareous exoskeletons of invertebrates. Preservation of soft tissues is rare in the fossil record. Fossils may also consist of the marks left behind by the organism while it was alive, such as the footprint or feces (coprolites) of a reptile. These types of fossil are called trace fossils (or ichnofossils), as opposed to body fossils. Finally, past life leaves some markers that cannot be seen but can be detected in the form of biochemical signals; these are known as chemofossils or biomarkers